{"id":15298,"date":"2024-11-28T10:47:49","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T03:47:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/?p=15298"},"modified":"2025-04-29T13:32:46","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T06:32:46","slug":"lap-trinh-nhung-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-nhung-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Nh\u00fang L\u00e0 G\u00ec? 7 \u01af\u0301ng Du\u0323ng Cu\u0309a L\u00e2\u0323p Tri\u0300nh Nhu\u0301ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng minh, t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gia d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u1eady l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1? C\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/em><\/p>\n M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p> L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong 1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c 1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, truy\u1ec1n tin,… trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n Ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m RAM, ROM v\u00e0 MCU. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n RAM trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi. Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, RAM gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh, RAM cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, RAM l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb t\u1eaft, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u trong RAM s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 ROM) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n ROM l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ROM kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ROM nh\u01b0 EEPROM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i) nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c m\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng (bootloader), ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ROM l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n MCU l\u00e0 vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trung t\u00e2m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra. MCU l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e8n LED\u2026<\/p>\n MCU th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t con chip duy nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd (CPU), b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb RAM, ROM, c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng giao ti\u1ebfp (GPIO, SPI, I2C, UART), gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n Xem th\u00eam: <\/strong>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Game l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a>?<\/strong><\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7:<\/p>\n Nh\u1edd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e1i xe m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 tai n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang trong y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb:<\/p>\n Nh\u1edd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT th\u00f4ng minh:<\/p>\n IoT d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111ang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, gi\u00fap cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec7n nghi, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian:<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng:<\/p>\n Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n Xem th\u00eam<\/strong>: IT helpdesk l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a>?<\/p>\n L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n Cross Toolchains l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau (ARM, MIPS, PowerPC\u2026) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Cross Toolchains cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea1y h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Cross Toolchains:<\/p>\n Keil uVision l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t IDE (M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p) m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ARM nh\u01b0 ARM7, ARM9, Cortex-M series. Keil uVision cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch C\/C++ v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang.<\/p>\n \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Keil uVision (Windows)<\/p>\n PuTTY l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1eeb xa th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c SSH, Telnet, rlogin v\u00e0 Serial. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, ki\u1ec3m tra, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang.<\/p>\n \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a PuTTY.exe (Windows):<\/p>\n C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang n\u00f3i ri\u00eang r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, phong ph\u00fa. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 2 d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c Embedded Software, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean<\/strong><\/a> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u00fang nh\u01b0 driver, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, firmware,…<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 test code, vi\u1ebft code, vi\u1ebft document, requirement cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m khi theo Embedded System Software<\/strong>:<\/p>\n C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho software developer<\/strong> c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n >>>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam: Software Developer l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a>?<\/p>\n L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ea3ng Embedded Hardware, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf board ma\u0323ch hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 test board ma\u0323ch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c Embedded Hardware c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, tu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean<\/strong><\/a> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n1. L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Nh\u00fang L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
2. Nh\u1eefng Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n C\u1ea7n C\u00f3 Trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u00fang<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
2.1. RAM (Random Access Memory)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
2.2. ROM (Read-Only Memory)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
2.3. MCU (Microcontroller Unit)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
3. \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u00fang Trong \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
3.1. Trong Thi\u1ebft B\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed Ti\u00eau D\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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3.2. Trong \u00d4 T\u00f4 V\u00e0 Giao Th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn T\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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3.3. Trong Y T\u1ebf V\u00e0 Ch\u0103m S\u00f3c S\u1ee9c Kh\u1ecfe<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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3.4. Trong C\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p V\u00e0 T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u00f3a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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3.5. Trong C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 IoT (Internet of Things)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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3.6. Trong H\u00e0ng Kh\u00f4ng V\u00e0 V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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3.7. Trong Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng V\u00e0 An Ninh<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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4. M\u1ed9t S\u1ed1 C\u00f4ng C\u1ee5 Cho L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Nh\u00fang<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
4.1. Cross Toolchains (Linux)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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4.2. Keil uVision (Windows)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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4.3. PuTTY.exe (Windows)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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5. C\u01a1 H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ec1 Nghi\u1ec7p C\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0nh L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Nh\u00fang<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
5.1. Embedded Software<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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5.2. Embedded Hardware\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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