{"id":35813,"date":"2022-08-03T20:57:18","date_gmt":"2022-08-03T13:57:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/?p=35813"},"modified":"2024-11-01T09:38:32","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T02:38:32","slug":"pascal-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/pascal-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Pascal l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Pascal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Pascal kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean xa l\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, Pascal l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. V\u1eady <\/i>Pascal l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/i><\/strong><\/a>? \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ra sao? B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u00e9.<\/i><\/p>\n M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p> Pascal l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a>? L\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Nicholas Emil Wirth v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1970. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Pascal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Blaise Pascal \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng lao v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Pascal kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ALGOL 60. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Nicholas Wirth \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Pascal d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ALGOL 60 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Pascal \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1970. R\u1ea5t nhanh sau \u0111\u00f3, Pascal th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh mini th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n >> Xem th\u00eam: L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh PHP l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a>?<\/p>\n L\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, Pascal ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n >> Xem th\u00eam: Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh NLP<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc cao Pascal mang m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n M\u1ed7i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Pascal<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n Trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Pascal<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e0m, bi\u1ebfn,… ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh hi\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong danh hi\u1ec7u Pascal l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i. Ph\u00eda sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea1ch ngang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Can_bac_3; C1000; dellasusapple;…<\/strong><\/p>\n C\u00e1c danh hi\u1ec7u trong Pascal kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft hoa. Do \u0111\u00f3, danh hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft hoa trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cC\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nhau trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Pascal.<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a trong Pascal nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a trong Pascal:<\/p>\n1. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Pascal l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Pascal l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
2. \u01afu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Pascal<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
2.1 \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Pascal<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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2.2 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Pascal<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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3. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Pascal<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
3.1 C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong Pascal<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
3.1.1 Danh hi\u1ec7u (identifiler)<\/span><\/h4>\n
3.1.2 T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a (Keyword)<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n