{"id":55039,"date":"2023-05-22T14:10:58","date_gmt":"2023-05-22T07:10:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/?p=55039"},"modified":"2024-11-01T10:27:05","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T03:27:05","slug":"cac-cau-hoi-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-phong-van","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/cac-cau-hoi-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-phong-van\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 20+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n &#038; g\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings\n     kksr-valign-top     kksr-align-left    \"\n    data-payload=\"{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;55039&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.5&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\\u0110\\u00e1nh gi\\u00e1 post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.5\\\/5 - (0 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;22&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;119&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;}\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 119px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-legend\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 post<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tham gia b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/cac-cau-hoi-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-phong-van\/#c\u00e1c_c\u00e2u_h\u1ecfi_v\u1ec1_c\u1ea5u_truc_d\u1eef_li\u1ec7u_ph\u1ecfng_v\u1ea5n\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 tin, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chinh ph\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 20+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_light_blue no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#1_Cau_truc_du_lieu_la_gi\">1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2_Phan_biet_cau_truc_tep_va_cau_truc_luu_tru\">2. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3_Thoi_diem_tot_nhat_de_ap_dung_tim_kiem_nhi_phan_la_gi\">3. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4_Danh_sach_duoc_lien_ket_la_gi\">4. Danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5_Cac_khu_vuc_cau_truc_du_lieu_la_gi\">5. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6_LIFO_la_gi\">6. LIFO l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#7_Cay_nhi_phan_la_gi\">7. C\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#8_Ngan_xep_la_gi\">8. Ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#9_Nhung_cau_truc_du_lieu_nao_duoc_su_dung_de_quan_ly_1_ham_theo_thuat_toan\">9. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd 1 h\u00e0m theo thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#10_Mang_da_chieu_la_gi\">10. M\u1ea3ng \u0111a chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#11_Lam_the_nao_de_tat_ca_cac_phan_tu_co_the_duoc_tham_chieu_trong_mang_1_chieu\">11. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu trong m\u1ea3ng 1 chi\u1ec1u?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#12_FIFO_la_gi\">12. FIFO l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#13_Lam_the_nao_de_xac_dinh_mot_danh_sach_lien_ket_vong\">13. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00f2ng?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#14_Phan_biet_NULL_va_VOID\">14. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t NULL v\u00e0 VOID<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#15_Uu_diem_co_ban_cua_danh_sach_lien_ket_la_gi\">15. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#16_Tim_kiem_tuyen_tinh_la_gi\">16. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#17_Khai_bao_bien_anh_huong_den_viec_phan_bo_bo_nho_nhu_the_nao\">17. Khai b\u00e1o bi\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#18_Uu_diem_cua_heap_so_voi_stack_la_gi\">18. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a heap so v\u1edbi stack l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#19_Cach_ban_co_the_them_cac_muc_moi_trong_cay_tim_kiem_nhi_phan\">19. C\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi trong c\u00e2y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#20_So_nut_it_nhat_ma_cay_nhi_phan_se_co_la_bao_nhieu\">20. S\u1ed1 n\u00fat \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#21_Con_tro_duoc_su_dung_trong_cau_truc_du_lieu_nao\">21. Con tr\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#22_Thuat_toan_sap_xep_nao_duoc_dua_vao_tai_khoan_nhanh_nhat\">22. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"1_Cau_truc_du_lieu_la_gi\"><strong>1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<blockquote id=\"c\u00e2u_h\u1ecfi_kinh_\u0111i\u1ec3n_v\u1ec1_c\u1ea5u_tr\u00fac_d\u1eef_li\u1ec7u\" cite=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/cac-cau-hoi-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-phong-van\/#phong_van_cau_truc_du_lieu\"><p><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_structure\"><strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c, truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea3ng, danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft, h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i, c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng b\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Xem th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>? C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n nay<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"2_Phan_biet_cau_truc_tep_va_cau_truc_luu_tru\"><strong>2. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_55040\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-55040\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-55040\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cac-cau-hoi-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-phong-van.jpg\" alt=\"c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cac-cau-hoi-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-phong-van.jpg 800w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cac-cau-hoi-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-phong-van-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cac-cau-hoi-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-phong-van-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cac-cau-hoi-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-phong-van-768x528.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-55040\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center><em>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong t\u1ec7p tin, trong khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p (file structure) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7p tin. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong t\u1ec7p tin. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (data structure) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam, x\u00f3a v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 m\u1ea3ng, danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft, c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb, b\u1ea3ng b\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"3_Thoi_diem_tot_nhat_de_ap_dung_tim_kiem_nhi_phan_la_gi\"><strong>3. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"4_Danh_sach_duoc_lien_ket_la_gi\"><strong>4. Danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: Danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c n\u00fat, m\u1ed7i n\u00fat ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fat ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"5_Cac_khu_vuc_cau_truc_du_lieu_la_gi\"><strong>5. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea3ng, danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft, ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp, h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i, c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb, b\u1ea3ng b\u0103m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"6_LIFO_la_gi\"><strong>6. LIFO l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp (stack). Theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc LIFO, ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (last-in) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (first-out).<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"7_Cay_nhi_phan_la_gi\"><strong>7. C\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: C\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i n\u00fat c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a hai n\u00fat con. N\u00fat tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00fat cha, trong khi n\u00fat ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00fat cha. C\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Xem th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/database-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Database l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>? C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u database v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"8_Ngan_xep_la_gi\"><strong>8. Ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_55041\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-55041\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-55041\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cau-hoi-phong-van-cau-truc-du-lieu.jpg\" alt=\"c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cau-hoi-phong-van-cau-truc-du-lieu.jpg 800w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cau-hoi-phong-van-cau-truc-du-lieu-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cau-hoi-phong-van-cau-truc-du-lieu-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cau-hoi-phong-van-cau-truc-du-lieu-768x528.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-55041\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center><em>B\u1ed9 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/em><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: Ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp (stack) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ra theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Last-In, First-Out (LIFO). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea9y (push) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec9nh ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 r\u00fat (pop) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec9nh ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"9_Nhung_cau_truc_du_lieu_nao_duoc_su_dung_de_quan_ly_1_ham_theo_thuat_toan\"><strong>9. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd 1 h\u00e0m theo <a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/thuat-toan-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/a>?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m theo thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp (stack) v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i (queue).<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"10_Mang_da_chieu_la_gi\"><strong>10. M\u1ea3ng \u0111a chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: M\u1ea3ng \u0111a chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u0111a chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ea3ng 2 chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c ma tr\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"11_Lam_the_nao_de_tat_ca_cac_phan_tu_co_the_duoc_tham_chieu_trong_mang_1_chieu\"><strong>11. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu trong m\u1ea3ng 1 chi\u1ec1u?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong m\u1ea3ng 1 chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong m\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c m\u1ea3ng[ ch\u1ec9_m\u1ee5c ], trong \u0111\u00f3 &#8220;m\u1ea3ng&#8221; l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 &#8220;ch\u1ec9_m\u1ee5c&#8221; l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea7n tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"12_FIFO_la_gi\"><strong>12. FIFO l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: FIFO (First-In, First-Out) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i (queue). Theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc FIFO, ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ra.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_55042\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-55042\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-55042\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cau-hoi-phong-van-kinh-dien-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu.jpg\" alt=\"c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cau-hoi-phong-van-kinh-dien-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu.jpg 800w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cau-hoi-phong-van-kinh-dien-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cau-hoi-phong-van-kinh-dien-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/cau-hoi-phong-van-kinh-dien-ve-cau-truc-du-lieu-768x528.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-55042\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center><em>Nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u?<\/em><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span id=\"13_Lam_the_nao_de_xac_dinh_mot_danh_sach_lien_ket_vong\"><strong>13. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00f2ng?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00f2ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hai con tr\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t con tr\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y nhanh di chuy\u1ec3n hai b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n, trong khi con tr\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y ch\u1eadm di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu danh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng, con tr\u1ecf nhanh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i danh s\u00e1ch (con tr\u1ecf nhanh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 NULL) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi con tr\u1ecf ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i danh s\u00e1ch. N\u1ebfu danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng, con tr\u1ecf nhanh v\u00e0 con tr\u1ecf ch\u1eadm s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhau t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh hai con tr\u1ecf, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang tr\u00f9ng nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"14_Phan_biet_NULL_va_VOID\"><strong>14. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t NULL v\u00e0 VOID<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: NULL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t con tr\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng nh\u1edb n\u00e0o. VOID l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"15_Uu_diem_co_ban_cua_danh_sach_lien_ket_la_gi\"><strong>15. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: Danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"16_Tim_kiem_tuyen_tinh_la_gi\"><strong>16. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ea3ng), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 O(n), trong \u0111\u00f3 n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Xem th\u00eam: 20+ <a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/nhung-cau-hoi-phong-van-java\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Java<\/a> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"17_Khai_bao_bien_anh_huong_den_viec_phan_bo_bo_nho_nhu_the_nao\"><strong>17. Khai b\u00e1o bi\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: Khai b\u00e1o bi\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Khai b\u00e1o bi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c (global) hay c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (local). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cho bi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb t\u0129nh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_55043\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-55043\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-55043\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Cau-hoi-va-cau-tra-loi-phong-van-cau-truc-du-lieu.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Cau-hoi-va-cau-tra-loi-phong-van-cau-truc-du-lieu.jpg 800w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Cau-hoi-va-cau-tra-loi-phong-van-cau-truc-du-lieu-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Cau-hoi-va-cau-tra-loi-phong-van-cau-truc-du-lieu-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Cau-hoi-va-cau-tra-loi-phong-van-cau-truc-du-lieu-768x528.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-55043\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center><em>Top c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span id=\"18_Uu_diem_cua_heap_so_voi_stack_la_gi\"><strong>18. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a heap so v\u1edbi stack l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: Heap v\u00e0 stack l\u00e0 hai ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Heap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd linh ho\u1ea1t. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, stack \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i m\u00e3. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, heap th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i, trong khi stack ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i m\u00e3.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"19_Cach_ban_co_the_them_cac_muc_moi_trong_cay_tim_kiem_nhi_phan\"><strong>19. C\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi trong c\u00e2y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi v\u00e0o c\u00e2y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00e2y: ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e2y c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec th\u00eam m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng, so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, ta di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y con b\u00ean tr\u00e1i; n\u1ebfu l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, ta di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y con b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ch\u00e8n m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi v\u00e0o c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"20_So_nut_it_nhat_ma_cay_nhi_phan_se_co_la_bao_nhieu\"><strong>20. S\u1ed1 n\u00fat \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: C\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00fat n\u00e0o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed1ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, s\u1ed1 n\u00fat \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"21_Con_tro_duoc_su_dung_trong_cau_truc_du_lieu_nao\"><strong>21. Con tr\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: Con tr\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft, c\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu, truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"22_Thuat_toan_sap_xep_nao_duoc_dua_vao_tai_khoan_nhanh_nhat\"><strong>22. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>G\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong>: Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nhanh (quicksort) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nhanh nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 20+ <strong>c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/strong> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay k\u00e8m g\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/\">JobsGO<\/a><\/strong>. Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00f2ng ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 post Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tham gia b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":55040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n","_yoast_wpseo_title":"20+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi %%sep%% %%sitename%%","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n 20 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n khi tham gia ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n xin vi\u1ec7c.","_yoast_wpseo_focus_keyphrase":"","faq":"","nganh_nghe_chuc_vu_lien_quan":["Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u"]},"categories":[1059,3028],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>20+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi - 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