{"id":73870,"date":"2024-07-02T11:33:54","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T04:33:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/?p=73870"},"modified":"2024-07-14T23:44:28","modified_gmt":"2024-07-14T16:44:28","slug":"nodejs-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/nodejs-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nodejs L\u00e0 G\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng Nodejs Framework D\u00e0nh Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1edbi B\u1eaft \u0110\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Nodejs l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a><\/em><\/strong>?<\/em> N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, Nodejs l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng runtime JavaScript m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, \u0111a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Nodejs, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, \u01b0u, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan.<\/em><\/p>\n M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p> Nodejs<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng runtime JavaScript m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean V8 JavaScript Engine c\u1ee7a Google Chrome. Nodejs cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng JavaScript \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ph\u00eda m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web. V\u1edbi Nodejs, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web \u0111\u1ed9ng, API v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n Nodejs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi Ryan Dahl v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Stack Overflow, Nodejs l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00eda m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u1ec9 sau ASP.NET.<\/p>\n Xem th\u00eam: Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef M\u00e1y L\u00e0 G\u00ec? \u01afu, Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m V\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cNodejs\u201d mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u201cNode\u201d \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Nodejs trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. \u201cjs\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a JavaScript, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Nodejs.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nodejs nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u00fat trung t\u00e2m trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trang web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i client-side v\u00e0 server-side th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef cho c\u1ea3 front-end v\u00e0 back-end.<\/p>\n Xem th\u00eam: Ng\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 Th\u00f4ng Tin G\u1ed3m Nh\u1eefng Chuy\u00ean Ng\u00e0nh N\u00e0o?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n NodeJS c\u00f3 hai t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5:<\/p>\n NodeJS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Nodejs s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng callbacks \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, cho ph\u00e9p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Nodejs c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t file l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc file v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n sang x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c. Khi file \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc xong, m\u1ed9t callback function s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap Nodejs c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u1ebdn c\u1ed5 chai.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, Nodejs v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n lu\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cEvent Loop\u201d. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u00fap Nodejs ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Event Loop li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p Nodejs x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi cho m\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n Xem th\u00eam: Technical Artist L\u00e0 G\u00ec? Y\u00eau C\u1ea7u & C\u01a1 H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0m M\u1edbi Nh\u1ea5t 2024<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n Nodejs c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web:<\/p>\n Nodejs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, Nodejs c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a LinkedIn, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Ruby on Rails sang Nodejs \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb 30 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p 20 l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi V8 Engine, NodeJS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi code JavaScript v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. Theo m\u1ed9t benchmark c\u1ee7a TechEmpower, Nodejs c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u01a1n 1 tri\u1ec7u requests m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Nodejs c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 Windows, macOS, v\u00e0 Linux, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tri\u1ec3n khai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cross-platform.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi Nodejs, c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng JavaScript cho c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda client v\u00e0 server, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb code gi\u1eefa front-end v\u00e0 back-end, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a npm (Node Package Manager), Nodejs gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Npm hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1,3 tri\u1ec7u package, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, NodeJS c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>\n Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i trong NodeJS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn. Callback hell v\u00e0 Promise chains c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho code kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 debug.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 I\/O nh\u1eb9, Nodejs c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 CPU-intensive do ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 CPU c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n Event Loop, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c, Nodejs c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Nodejs, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c package t\u1eeb b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n1. Nodejs L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
2. \u00dd Ngh\u0129a C\u1ee7a T\u00ean G\u1ecdi Nodejs<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
3. T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a Nodejs<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
3.1 Kh\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1ed9 V\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 H\u01b0\u1edbng S\u1ef1 Ki\u1ec7n (Asynchronous In Nature And Event-Driven)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
3.2 Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac \u0110\u01a1n Lu\u1ed3ng (Single Threaded Architecture)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
4. \u01afu, Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ee7a Nodejs<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
4.1 \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
4.1.1 D\u1ec5 D\u00e0ng M\u1edf R\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
4.1.2 Th\u1eddi Gian Th\u1ef1c Thi Code Nhanh<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
4.1.3 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00edch Tr\u00ean Nhi\u1ec1u N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
4.1.4 M\u1ed9t Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
4.1.5 Ti\u1ebft Ki\u1ec7m Th\u1eddi Gian, C\u00f4ng S\u1ee9c V\u00e0 Chi Ph\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
4.2 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
4.2.1 Kh\u00f3 G\u1ee1 L\u1ed7i<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
4.2.2 H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf V\u1ec1 I\/O<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
4.2.3 Nguy C\u01a1 B\u1ea3o M\u1eadt<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n