{"id":77187,"date":"2024-08-12T16:44:44","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T09:44:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/?p=77187"},"modified":"2024-09-24T14:12:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T07:12:30","slug":"mo-hinh-erd-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-erd-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD L\u00e0 G\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Chi Ti\u1ebft C\u00e1ch T\u1ea1o M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings\n     kksr-valign-top     kksr-align-left    \"\n    data-payload=\"{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;77187&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.5&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\\u0110\\u00e1nh gi\\u00e1 post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.5\\\/5 - (0 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;22&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;119&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;}\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 119px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-legend\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 post<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00f4ng tin, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-erd-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_light_blue no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#1_Mo_Hinh_ERD_La_Gi\">1. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2_Lich_Su_Phat_Trien_Mo_Hinh_ERD\">2. L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Gom_Nhung_Gi\">3. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD G\u1ed3m Nh\u1eefng G\u00ec?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#31_Entity_E_8211_Thuc_The\">3.1. Entity (E) &#8211; Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#32_Attribute_A_Thuoc_Tinh\">3.2. Attribute (A) \u2013 Thu\u1ed9c T\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#33_Relationship_R_Moi_Quan_He\">3.3. Relationship (R) \u2013 M\u1ed1i Quan H\u1ec7<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#4_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Mang_Lai_Loi_Ich_Gi_Trong_Quan_Ly_Ban_Hang\">4. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Mang L\u1ea1i L\u1ee3i \u00cdch G\u00ec Trong Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd B\u00e1n H\u00e0ng?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#41_Cai_Thien_Hieu_Qua_Quan_Ly_Du_Lieu\">4.1. C\u1ea3i Thi\u1ec7n Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#42_Ho_Tro_Ra_Quyet_Dinh\">4.2. H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 Ra Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#43_Toi_Uu_Hoa_Quy_Trinh_Ban_Hang\">4.3. T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a Quy Tr\u00ecnh B\u00e1n H\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#44_Tao_Nen_Tang_Cho_He_Thong_Du_Lieu_Chinh_Xac_Va_De_Dang_Truy_Cap\">4.4. T\u1ea1o N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng Cho H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u Ch\u00ednh X\u00e1c V\u00e0 D\u1ec5 D\u00e0ng Truy C\u1eadp<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#5_Huong_Dan_Lam_So_Do_ERD_Ban_Hang\">5. H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn L\u00e0m S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 ERD B\u00e1n H\u00e0ng<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#51_Buoc_1_Liet_Ke_Va_Chon_Thong_Tin_Tu_Cac_Giay_To_Ho_So_Da_Chuan_Bi_Truoc_Do\">5.1. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Li\u1ec7t K\u00ea V\u00e0 Ch\u1ecdn Th\u00f4ng Tin T\u1eeb C\u00e1c Gi\u1ea5y T\u1edd, H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 \u0110\u00e3 Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f3<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#52_Buoc_2_Xac_Dinh_Cac_Moi_Quan_He_Rang_Buoc_Giua_Cac_Thuc_The_Va_Thuoc_Tinh\">5.2. B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u00e1c M\u1ed1i Quan H\u1ec7 R\u00e0ng Bu\u1ed9c Gi\u1eefa C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 V\u00e0 Thu\u1ed9c T\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#53_Buoc_3_Xac_Dinh_Cac_Moi_Quan_He_Giua_Cac_Thuc_The_Va_Cac_Quan_He_Ket_Hop\">5.3. B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u00e1c M\u1ed1i Quan H\u1ec7 Gi\u1eefa C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 V\u00e0 C\u00e1c Quan H\u1ec7 K\u1ebft H\u1ee3p<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#54_Buoc_4_Ve_So_Do_ERD_Bang_Cac_Ky_Hieu_Tuong_Ung_Roi_Sap_Xep_Va_Toi_Uu_Lai_So_Do\">5.4. B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: V\u1ebd S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 ERD B\u1eb1ng C\u00e1c K\u00fd Hi\u1ec7u T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng R\u1ed3i S\u1eafp X\u1ebfp V\u00e0 T\u1ed1i \u01afu L\u1ea1i S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#6_Lam_Sao_De_Chuyen_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Sang_Mo_Hinh_Quan_He\">6. L\u00e0m Sao \u0110\u1ec3 Chuy\u1ec3n M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Sang M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Quan H\u1ec7?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#61_Buoc_1_Chuyen_Doi_Thuc_The_va_Moi_Quan_He\">6.1. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 M\u1ed1i Quan H\u1ec7<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#62_Buoc_2_Kiem_Tra_Dang_Chuan\">6.2. B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ki\u1ec3m Tra D\u1ea1ng Chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#7_Cac_Mau_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Pho_Bien\">7. C\u00e1c M\u1eabu M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#71_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Co_Ban\">7.1. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#72_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Mo_Rong\">7.2. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD M\u1edf R\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#73_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Phan_Cap\">7.3. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Ph\u00e2n C\u1ea5p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#8_Ung_Dung_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Trong_Quan_Ly_Ban_Hang_Nhu_The_Nao\">8. \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Trong Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd B\u00e1n H\u00e0ng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#81_Thiet_Ke_Co_So_Du_Lieu_Khach_Hang\">8.1. Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf C\u01a1 S\u1edf D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u Kh\u00e1ch H\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#82_Quan_Ly_Ton_Kho\">8.2. Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd T\u1ed3n Kho<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#83_Xu_Ly_Don_Hang\">8.3. X\u1eed L\u00fd \u0110\u01a1n H\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#84_Phan_Tich_Doanh_So\">8.4. Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Doanh S\u1ed1<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#85_Quan_Ly_Nhan_Vien_Ban_Hang\">8.5. Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n Vi\u00ean B\u00e1n H\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"1_Mo_Hinh_ERD_La_Gi\"><strong>1. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_77190\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-77190\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-77190 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Mo-Hinh-ERD-La-Gi.jpg\" alt=\"M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD L\u00e0 G\u00ec\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Mo-Hinh-ERD-La-Gi.jpg 800w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Mo-Hinh-ERD-La-Gi-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Mo-Hinh-ERD-La-Gi-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Mo-Hinh-ERD-La-Gi-768x528.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-77190\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<blockquote id=\"Erd_diagram_l\u00e0_g\u00ec\" cite=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-erd-la-gi\/#mo_hinh_erd_quan_ly_kho\"><p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD hay <strong>ERD Diagram l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. ERD (Entity-Relationship Diagram) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (entities), thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (attributes) v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (relationships) gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><span id=\"2_Lich_Su_Phat_Trien_Mo_Hinh_ERD\"><strong>2. L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976 b\u1edfi Peter Chen, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 &#8220;The Entity-Relationship Model &#8211; Toward a Unified View of Data&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Chen \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Chen \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, James Martin \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh IE (Information Engineering), t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ERD trong quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Richard Barker c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ERD m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Oracle Corporation \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (RDBMS) v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ERD nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 v\u00e0 2000, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, cho ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Agile v\u00e0 DevOps. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 MySQL Workbench, Lucidchart, Visio \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ERD, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"3_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Gom_Nhung_Gi\"><strong>3. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD G\u1ed3m Nh\u1eefng G\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD g\u1ed3m ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"31_Entity_E_8211_Thuc_The\"><strong>3.1. Entity (E) &#8211; Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 &#8220;Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng&#8221;, &#8220;S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m&#8221; ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 &#8220;\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng&#8221;, &#8220;Giao d\u1ecbch&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ri\u00eang trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_77191\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-77191\" style=\"width: 1015px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-77191 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Ky-Hieu-Cua-Mo-Hinh-ERD.jpg\" alt=\"Erd diagram l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" width=\"1015\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Ky-Hieu-Cua-Mo-Hinh-ERD.jpg 1015w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Ky-Hieu-Cua-Mo-Hinh-ERD-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Ky-Hieu-Cua-Mo-Hinh-ERD-150x63.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Ky-Hieu-Cua-Mo-Hinh-ERD-768x320.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1015px) 100vw, 1015px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-77191\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>K\u00fd Hi\u1ec7u C\u1ee7a M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span id=\"32_Attribute_A_Thuoc_Tinh\"><strong>3.2. Attribute (A) \u2013 Thu\u1ed9c T\u00ednh<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng&#8221;, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">M\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (ID)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">H\u1ecd t\u00ean<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">S\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Email<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Ng\u00e0y sinh<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0110i\u1ec3m t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed7i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, &#8220;M\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng&#8221; th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh (primary key) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (s\u1ed1, chu\u1ed7i, ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng) cho m\u1ed7i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c: \u0110\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 cho thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"33_Relationship_R_Moi_Quan_He\"><strong>3.3. Relationship (R) \u2013 M\u1ed1i Quan H\u1ec7<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">One-to-one (M\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa &#8220;Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;Th\u1ebb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean&#8221;. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">One-to-many (M\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u): M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa &#8220;Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng&#8221;. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Many-to-many (Nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t, khi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa &#8220;S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng&#8221;. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p many-to-many, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3ng &#8220;Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec7 quy, khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ty, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD, c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh logic v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"4_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Mang_Lai_Loi_Ich_Gi_Trong_Quan_Ly_Ban_Hang\"><strong>4. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Mang L\u1ea1i L\u1ee3i \u00cdch G\u00ec Trong Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd B\u00e1n H\u00e0ng?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"41_Cai_Thien_Hieu_Qua_Quan_Ly_Du_Lieu\"><strong>4.1. C\u1ea3i Thi\u1ec7n Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, ERD t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, ERD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 &#8220;Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng&#8221;, &#8220;S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m&#8221;, &#8220;\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;Kho h\u00e0ng&#8221;. M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ERD c\u00f2n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t hay m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"42_Ho_Tro_Ra_Quyet_Dinh\"><strong>4.2. H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 Ra Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ERD cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, ERD t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111a chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_77189\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-77189\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-77189 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Mo-Hinh-ERD-Mang-Lai-Loi-Ich-Gi-Trong-Quan-Ly-Ban-Hang-1024x769.jpg\" alt=\"s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 erd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng si\u00eau th\u1ecb\" width=\"840\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Mo-Hinh-ERD-Mang-Lai-Loi-Ich-Gi-Trong-Quan-Ly-Ban-Hang-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Mo-Hinh-ERD-Mang-Lai-Loi-Ich-Gi-Trong-Quan-Ly-Ban-Hang-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Mo-Hinh-ERD-Mang-Lai-Loi-Ich-Gi-Trong-Quan-Ly-Ban-Hang-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Mo-Hinh-ERD-Mang-Lai-Loi-Ich-Gi-Trong-Quan-Ly-Ban-Hang-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Mo-Hinh-ERD-Mang-Lai-Loi-Ich-Gi-Trong-Quan-Ly-Ban-Hang.jpg 1412w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-77189\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Mang L\u1ea1i L\u1ee3i \u00cdch G\u00ec Trong Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd B\u00e1n H\u00e0ng?<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng qua ERD, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch marketing, doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c marketing, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng mua s\u1eafm c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, ERD c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kinh doanh. H\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n khi ERD c\u00f2n gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh m\u1edbi, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"43_Toi_Uu_Hoa_Quy_Trinh_Ban_Hang\"><strong>4.3. T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a Quy Tr\u00ecnh B\u00e1n H\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, ERD gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, ERD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho, x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 giao h\u00e0ng. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>ERD c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai s\u00f3t do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"44_Tao_Nen_Tang_Cho_He_Thong_Du_Lieu_Chinh_Xac_Va_De_Dang_Truy_Cap\"><strong>4.4. T\u1ea1o N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng Cho H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u Ch\u00ednh X\u00e1c V\u00e0 D\u1ec5 D\u00e0ng Truy C\u1eadp<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ERD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, thanh to\u00e1n, khuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed mua h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00fap ERD t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed mua h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c marketing c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, ERD c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u00fap ERD t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o doanh s\u1ed1, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"5_Huong_Dan_Lam_So_Do_ERD_Ban_Hang\"><strong>5. H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn L\u00e0m S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 ERD B\u00e1n H\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 <strong>h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u00e0m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong> m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_77188\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-77188\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-77188 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/So-Do-ERD-Hoan-Chinh-1024x647.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u00e0m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 erd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng\" width=\"840\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/So-Do-ERD-Hoan-Chinh-1024x647.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/So-Do-ERD-Hoan-Chinh-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/So-Do-ERD-Hoan-Chinh-150x95.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/So-Do-ERD-Hoan-Chinh-768x485.jpg 768w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/So-Do-ERD-Hoan-Chinh.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-77188\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 ERD Ho\u00e0n Ch\u1ec9nh<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span id=\"51_Buoc_1_Liet_Ke_Va_Chon_Thong_Tin_Tu_Cac_Giay_To_Ho_So_Da_Chuan_Bi_Truoc_Do\"><strong>5.1. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Li\u1ec7t K\u00ea V\u00e0 Ch\u1ecdn Th\u00f4ng Tin T\u1eeb C\u00e1c Gi\u1ea5y T\u1edd, H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 \u0110\u00e3 Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f3<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng (Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p\u2026).<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: M\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, email).<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD tr\u1edf n\u00ean su\u00f4n s\u1ebb v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"52_Buoc_2_Xac_Dinh_Cac_Moi_Quan_He_Rang_Buoc_Giua_Cac_Thuc_The_Va_Thuoc_Tinh\"><strong>5.2. B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u00e1c M\u1ed1i Quan H\u1ec7 R\u00e0ng Bu\u1ed9c Gi\u1eefa C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 V\u00e0 Thu\u1ed9c T\u00ednh<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh (Primary key) cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cho th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i (Foreign key) cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 M\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (constraint) kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng null (not null constraint) cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"53_Buoc_3_Xac_Dinh_Cac_Moi_Quan_He_Giua_Cac_Thuc_The_Va_Cac_Quan_He_Ket_Hop\"><strong>5.3. B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u00e1c M\u1ed1i Quan H\u1ec7 Gi\u1eefa C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 V\u00e0 C\u00e1c Quan H\u1ec7 K\u1ebft H\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t (V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"54_Buoc_4_Ve_So_Do_ERD_Bang_Cac_Ky_Hieu_Tuong_Ung_Roi_Sap_Xep_Va_Toi_Uu_Lai_So_Do\"><strong>5.4. B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: V\u1ebd S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 ERD B\u1eb1ng C\u00e1c K\u00fd Hi\u1ec7u T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng R\u1ed3i S\u1eafp X\u1ebfp V\u00e0 T\u1ed1i \u01afu L\u1ea1i S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">D\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh elip \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u00ecn. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111an xen.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"6_Lam_Sao_De_Chuyen_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Sang_Mo_Hinh_Quan_He\"><strong>6. L\u00e0m Sao \u0110\u1ec3 Chuy\u1ec3n M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Sang M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Quan H\u1ec7?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD. R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_77194\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-77194\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-77194 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Lam-Sao-De-Chuyen-Mo-Hinh-ERD-Sang-Mo-Hinh-Quan-He.jpg\" alt=\"m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh erd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Lam-Sao-De-Chuyen-Mo-Hinh-ERD-Sang-Mo-Hinh-Quan-He.jpg 800w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Lam-Sao-De-Chuyen-Mo-Hinh-ERD-Sang-Mo-Hinh-Quan-He-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Lam-Sao-De-Chuyen-Mo-Hinh-ERD-Sang-Mo-Hinh-Quan-He-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Lam-Sao-De-Chuyen-Mo-Hinh-ERD-Sang-Mo-Hinh-Quan-He-768x528.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-77194\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>L\u00e0m Sao \u0110\u1ec3 Chuy\u1ec3n M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Sang M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Quan H\u1ec7?<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t t\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed7i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"61_Buoc_1_Chuyen_Doi_Thuc_The_va_Moi_Quan_He\"><strong>6.1. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 M\u1ed1i Quan H\u1ec7<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p 1-1 gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p 1-N, ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;nhi\u1ec1u&#8221; sang th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;m\u1ed9t&#8221;. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p N-N \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"62_Buoc_2_Kiem_Tra_Dang_Chuan\"><strong>6.2. B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ki\u1ec3m Tra D\u1ea1ng Chu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"7_Cac_Mau_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Pho_Bien\"><strong>7. C\u00e1c M\u1eabu M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"71_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Co_Ban\"><strong>7.1. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh sau:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0110\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng: Ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean: \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kho h\u00e0ng: N\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: T\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: T\u00ean, gi\u00e1, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0110\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng: Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean: T\u00ean, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Mua h\u00e0ng: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa Kh\u00e1ch H\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u01a1n \u0110\u1eb7t H\u00e0ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mua s\u1eafm.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Nh\u00e2n Vi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0110\u01a1n \u0110\u1eb7t H\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Kho H\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kho: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa Kho H\u00e0ng v\u00e0 S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"72_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Mo_Rong\"><strong>7.2. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD M\u1edf R\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh, b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p: \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n: Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ghi nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: Th\u00eam email.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: B\u1ed5 sung s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed3n kho.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0110\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng: Th\u00eam t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean: B\u1ed5 sung th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p: T\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n: S\u1ed1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, ng\u00e0y l\u1eadp, t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Cung c\u1ea5p: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Thanh to\u00e1n: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"73_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Phan_Cap\"><strong>7.3. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Ph\u00e2n C\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 chi ti\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng: Ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eebng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t mua.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Thu\u1ed9c T\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: T\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng: Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: T\u00ean, gi\u00e1, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Bao g\u1ed3m: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">T\u1ea1o ra: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"8_Ung_Dung_Mo_Hinh_ERD_Trong_Quan_Ly_Ban_Hang_Nhu_The_Nao\"><strong>8. \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Trong Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd B\u00e1n H\u00e0ng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>ERD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin kinh doanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ERD trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"81_Thiet_Ke_Co_So_Du_Lieu_Khach_Hang\"><strong>8.1. Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf C\u01a1 S\u1edf D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u Kh\u00e1ch H\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng si\u00eau th\u1ecb<\/strong> t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed mua h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u01b0a th\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: T\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"82_Quan_Ly_Ton_Kho\"><strong>8.2. Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd T\u1ed3n Kho<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho<\/strong> h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, kho h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ghi nh\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eadp xu\u1ea5t kho.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u: T\u1ea1o li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"83_Xu_Ly_Don_Hang\"><strong>8.3. X\u1eed L\u00fd \u0110\u01a1n H\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ERD h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">T\u00edch h\u1ee3p thanh to\u00e1n: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"84_Phan_Tich_Doanh_So\"><strong>8.4. Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Doanh S\u1ed1<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ERD t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111a chi\u1ec1u: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 KPI nh\u01b0 doanh thu, l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: T\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"85_Quan_Ly_Nhan_Vien_Ban_Hang\"><strong>8.5. Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n Vi\u00ean B\u00e1n H\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>ERD h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo d\u00f5i ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hoa h\u1ed3ng: T\u1ea1o li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa doanh s\u1ed1, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, <strong>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>? Theo <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jobsgo<\/a><\/strong> \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 post Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00f4ng tin, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":75018,"featured_media":77190,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh erd l\u00e0 g\u00ec","_yoast_wpseo_title":"M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD L\u00e0 G\u00ec? 3 Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n C\u1ea5u T\u1ea1o M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD %%sep%% %%sitename%%","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng si\u00eau th\u1ecb v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7.","_yoast_wpseo_focus_keyphrase":"","faq":"1. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Kh\u00e1c G\u00ec So V\u1edbi M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Quan H\u1ec7?\u00a0\r\n\r\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, trong khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. ERD th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00f2n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\r\n\r\n2. L\u00e0m Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o \u0110\u1ec3 X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 Trong M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD?\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \"Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\", \"S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\", \"\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\".\r\n\r\n3. C\u00f3 C\u00f4ng C\u1ee5 N\u00e0o H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 V\u1ebd M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD Kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0\r\n\r\nC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ebd m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD nh\u01b0 Lucidchart, Draw.io, Microsoft Visio, vagy ER Assistant. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cho ERD.\r\n\r\n4. M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 \u00c1p D\u1ee5ng Cho Doanh Nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ecf Kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0\r\n\r\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf, ERD gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.\r\n","nganh_nghe_chuc_vu_lien_quan":["Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd Kho"]},"categories":[2040],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD L\u00e0 G\u00ec? 3 Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n C\u1ea5u T\u1ea1o M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh ERD - JobsGO Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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