{"id":79603,"date":"2024-09-15T16:02:58","date_gmt":"2024-09-15T09:02:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/?p=79603"},"modified":"2024-10-17T09:01:48","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T02:01:48","slug":"confirmation-bias-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/confirmation-bias-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Confirmation Bias L\u00e0 G\u00ec? 3 C\u00e1ch Ph\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i Confirmation Bias"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng confirmation bias. V\u1eady <\/em>confirmation bias l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/em><\/strong><\/a>? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f9ng JobsGo \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngay nh\u00e9!<\/em><\/p>\n M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p> Confirmation hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m l\u00fd khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m confirmation bias l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u1eed tri \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u00e0 xem nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n Confirmation bias g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai l\u1ec7ch th\u00f4ng tin, b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, confirmation bias c\u00f2n l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng “bong b\u00f3ng th\u00f4ng tin”, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n Theo trang simplypsychology.org<\/strong>, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 3 lo\u1ea1i confirmation bias kh\u00e1c nhau bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n Thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, thay v\u00ec t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u, khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n Thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trung l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, h\u1ecd v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin, trong khi h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, trong khi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u00ean \u0111i nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n, khi\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin ban \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mau ch\u00f3ng qu\u00ean \u0111i nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n Confirmation bias xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ba l\u00fd do sau:<\/p>\n T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, confirmation bias \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1eeba th\u00e3i ho\u1eb7c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn.<\/p>\n L\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, thay v\u00ec c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n Trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Robert Cialdini \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft g\u1ed3m 6 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc “cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n”. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, duy tr\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (cognitive dissonance) l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec1m tin, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhau. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn.<\/p>\n Khi \u0111\u00f3, confirmation bias \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y lo l\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, h\u1ecd v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Th\u00f4ng tin bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh s\u1edbm, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh hay nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1edd kh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, confirmation bias gi\u00fap xoa d\u1ecbu n\u1ed7i lo \u00e2u, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i kh\u00e1m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa mong mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a confirmation bias l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a confirmation bias:<\/p>\n Ai c\u0169ng mong mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111a chi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111a chi\u1ec1u? D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 3 c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi confirmation bias:<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 “bong b\u00f3ng th\u00f4ng tin” v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 duy. Khi qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lo s\u1ee3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m, b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u0169 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi confirmation bias l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i trong d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t. Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n1. Confirmation Bias L\u00e0 G\u00ec? V\u00ed D\u1ee5<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
2. Confirmation Bias C\u00f3 \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
3. Ph\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i Confirmation Bias<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
3.1. Thi\u00ean Ki\u1ebfn T\u00ecm Ki\u1ebfm Th\u00f4ng Tin<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
3.2. Thi\u00ean Ki\u1ebfn Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
3.3. Tr\u00ed Nh\u1edb Thi\u00ean Ki\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
4. T\u1ea1i Sao C\u00f3 S\u1ef1 Xu\u1ea5t Hi\u1ec7n C\u1ee7a Confirmation Bias?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
4.1. Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh X\u1eed L\u00fd Th\u00f4ng Tin<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
4.2. B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 L\u00f2ng T\u1ef1 T\u00f4n<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
4.3. Gi\u1ea3m Thi\u1ec3u B\u1ea5t H\u00f2a Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
5. D\u1ea5u Hi\u1ec7u Nh\u1eadn Bi\u1ebft Confirmation Bias L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
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6. C\u00e1ch Tho\u00e1t Kh\u1ecfi Confirmation Bias<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
6.1. Thay \u0110\u1ed5i Suy Ngh\u0129 N\u1ed9i T\u00e2m<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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6.2. Cho Ph\u00e9p B\u1ea3n Th\u00e2n \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Sai<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
6.3. Ki\u1ec3m Tra Ni\u1ec1m Tin<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n