{"id":82258,"date":"2024-10-11T14:21:04","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T07:21:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/?p=82258"},"modified":"2024-12-27T10:04:33","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:04:33","slug":"ngon-ngu-swift","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-swift\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift L\u00e0 G\u00ec? 3 C\u00f4ng C\u1ee5 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Ra m\u1eaft t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Swift v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Swift \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean. V\u1eady ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng JobsGo t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y!<\/em><\/p>\n M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p> Swift l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Apple gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 iOS, macOS, tvOS v\u00e0 watchOS. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n Swift ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Swift xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, Objective-C \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Apple trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi t\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, Swift nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n Swift kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n Swift c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ruby<\/a><\/strong>, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng. Swift ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. “C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u CSDL l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a><\/strong>?” l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Swift.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Swift, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Apple ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m thay th\u1ebf Objective-C, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift ra \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2u n\u0103m trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Apple. Swift \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd d\u00e0nh cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n M\u00e3 Swift s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho c\u00e1c API. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00fa ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y, gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, Swift \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Unicode cho c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3 h\u00f3a utf-8. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n Trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh thu gom r\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Swift c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp m\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt h\u01a1n. Trong Swift, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00e0n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 “var” \u0111\u1ec3 khai b\u00e1o bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 “let” \u0111\u1ec3 khai b\u00e1o h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c quan h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n T\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c trong Swift l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng (nil). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nil, tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch Swift s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch (Compile-time Error). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nil l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, Swift cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u1eefu \u00edch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. M\u1ed9t t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nil, nh\u01b0ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p trong Swift y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi (?) trong m\u00e3 s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nil v\u00e0 s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Swift.org, n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, tr\u00ecnh theo d\u00f5i l\u1ed7i, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1eeb Apple v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao Swift h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u blog, podcast, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Swift l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n Objective-C. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169. S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Swift r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111ang h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i \u0111ang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Apple \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, gi\u00fap gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y Swift m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Swift Playgrounds tr\u00ean iPad, mang \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc m\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Swift, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qua nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Objective-C ho\u1eb7c Java. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Swift, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 phong ph\u00fa so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Swift c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n D\u00f9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Swift \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf kh\u00e1c. Theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb StackOverflow, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5,1% trong s\u1ed1 83.053 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Swift. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng Swift, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, Xcode, IDE ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Apple, l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho Swift. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh iOS b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 7 tr\u1edf \u0111i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ebf th\u1eeba ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u0169 h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Apple hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean iOS 6 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Android, do t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch cao v\u1edbi Java v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi b\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh gi\u00fap ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n Swift \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, mang \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n Theo th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb Apple, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Swift nhanh g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p 3 Objective-C v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 8 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi Python. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, Swift c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 generics, closures, tuples, multiple returns, iterators c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0m kh\u00e1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Swift c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, an to\u00e0n cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Objective-C.<\/p>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Swift. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh iOS m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 macOS, watchOS v\u00e0 tvOS. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u00e3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cho t\u1eebng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng iOS \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhu c\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean iOS tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Apple, nh\u01b0 iPhone v\u00e0 iPad, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Apple, Google, Facebook c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c startup \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng Swift \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o Swift gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Swift.<\/p>\n Xcode l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IDE) ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Apple, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 iOS, macOS, tvOS, watchOS. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Xcode mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng minh, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1ea3o.<\/p>\n Swift Playgrounds l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp do Apple ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Swift th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, Swift Playgrounds mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00fa v\u1ecb, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n CocoaPods l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n iOS v\u00e0 macOS, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Swift c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CocoaPods gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch Swift \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c API, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n Swift gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Interface Builder trong Xcode. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e3. Vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o th\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n giao di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 n\u00fat, nh\u00e3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Swift UI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t framework ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn do Apple ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao di\u1ec7n trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng iOS tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Swift cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 Combine, Foundation, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Swift c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Swift mang l\u1ea1i cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c API v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 web, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi Swift, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb server ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0 URLSession, gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u JSON, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb API.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, thanh to\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, Swift h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, linh ho\u1ea1t, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, Swift kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Apple m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ri\u00eang trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift<\/strong><\/a> mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 post Ra m\u1eaft t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Swift v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Swift \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":75017,"featured_media":82260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef swift","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift L\u00e0 G\u00ec? 5 \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m N\u1ed5i B\u1eadt Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift %%sep%% %%sitename%%","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u01b0u, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 4 l\u00fd do ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap Swift tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t cho c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean.","_yoast_wpseo_focus_keyphrase":"","faq":"1. Trong Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift C\u00f3 Nh\u1eefng Lo\u1ea1i Integer N\u00e0o?\r\n\r\nTrong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Swift, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean (Integer) ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit v\u00e0 64 bit.\r\n\r\n2. C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift \u0110\u1ec3 L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Cho Apple Watch Kh\u00f4ng?\r\n\r\nC\u00f3, Swift c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho Apple Watch th\u00f4ng qua WatchKit trong Xcode.\r\n\r\n3. Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift C\u00f3 H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Giao Di\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u00f9ng Kh\u00f4ng?\r\n\r\nC\u00f3, Swift h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c framework nh\u01b0 SwiftUI v\u00e0 UIKit.\r\n\r\n4. Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift C\u00f3 H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1ed9 Kh\u00f4ng?\r\n\r\nC\u00f3, Swift h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng qua async\/await v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 DispatchQueue ho\u1eb7c OperationQueue.\r\n","nganh_nghe_chuc_vu_lien_quan":["L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Vi\u00ean"]},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n1. Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
2. \u01afu – Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
2.1 \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
2.1.1 T\u00ednh Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
2.1.2 B\u1ea3o M\u1eadt<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
2.1.3 M\u00e3 Ngu\u1ed3n M\u1edf<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
2.1.4 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00edch V\u1edbi Objective-C<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
2.1.5 C\u00fa Ph\u00e1p D\u1ec5 H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ed1i V\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1edbi\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
2.2 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
2.2.1 T\u00ednh M\u1edbi M\u1ebb C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
2.2.2 H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf V\u1ec1 Ngu\u1ed3n Nh\u00e2n L\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
2.2.3 Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c Trong Vi\u1ec7c S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng C\u00e1c C\u00f4ng C\u1ee5 V\u00e0 IDE B\u00ean Th\u1ee9 Ba<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
2.2.4 V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00edch V\u1edbi C\u00e1c Thi\u1ebft B\u1ecb Ch\u1ea1y iOS C\u0169<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
3. T\u1ea1i Sao Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift Tr\u1edf N\u00ean Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
3.1 Swift T\u0103ng T\u1ed1c Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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3.2 Th\u1eddi Gian Th\u1ef1c Thi\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
3.3 Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Tr\u00ean Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ec7 \u0110i\u1ec1u H\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
3.4 Nhu C\u1ea7u Tuy\u1ec3n D\u1ee5ng L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Vi\u00ean iOS Ng\u00e0y C\u00e0ng Gia T\u0103ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
4. C\u00f4ng C\u1ee5 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
4.1 Xcode<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
4.2 Swift Playgrounds<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
4.3 CocoaPods<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
5. \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Swift Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
5.1 Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf Giao Di\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u00f9ng (UI) V\u1edbi Swift<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
5.2 Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng X\u1eed L\u00fd Logic v\u00e0 T\u00ednh N\u0103ng Trong \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Swift<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
5.3 T\u00edch H\u1ee3p API V\u00e0 D\u1ecbch V\u1ee5 Ngo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n