{"id":83251,"date":"2024-10-18T13:45:51","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T06:45:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/?p=83251"},"modified":"2024-12-27T10:08:55","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:08:55","slug":"ngon-ngu-kotlin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-kotlin\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin L\u00e0 G\u00ec? 7 C\u00fa Ph\u00e1p C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n &#038; \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Kotlin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings\n     kksr-valign-top     kksr-align-left    \"\n    data-payload=\"{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;83251&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.5&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\\u0110\\u00e1nh gi\\u00e1 post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.5\\\/5 - (0 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;22&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;119&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;}\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 119px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-legend\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 post<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>N\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2017, <\/em><strong><em>ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin<\/em><\/strong><em> \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Google ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Android, Kotlin mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng code. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_light_blue no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#1_Ngon_Ngu_Kotlin_La_Gi\">1. Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2_Uu_8211_Nhuoc_Diem_Cua_Ngon_Ngu_Kotlin\">2. \u01afu &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#21_Uu_Diem\">2.1 \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#211_Duong_Cong_Hoc_Tap_Nho_Hon\">2.1.1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cong H\u1ecdc T\u1eadp Nh\u1ecf H\u01a1n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#212_Cai_Thien_Nang_Suat\">2.1.2 C\u1ea3i Thi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng Su\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#213_It_Bug_Hon\">2.1.3 \u00cdt Bug H\u01a1n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#214_Do_Tin_Cay_Tot_Hon\">2.1.4 \u0110\u1ed9 Tin C\u1eady T\u1ed1t H\u01a1n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#215_Ket_Hop_Voi_Java\">2.1.5 K\u1ebft H\u1ee3p V\u1edbi Java<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#22_Nhuoc_Diem\">2.2 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#221_Chua_Co_Kieu_Aliases\">2.2.1 Ch\u01b0a C\u00f3 Ki\u1ec3u Aliases<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#222_Cac_Mac_Dinh_Class_Trong_Kotlin_La_Final\">2.2.2 C\u00e1c M\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ecbnh Class Trong Kotlin L\u00e0 Final<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#223_Cong_Dong_Ho_Tro_Han_Che\">2.2.3 C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#224_Kotlin_Khong_Tu_Ep_Kieu_Du_Lieu\">2.2.4 Kotlin Kh\u00f4ng T\u1ef1 \u00c9p Ki\u1ec3u D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#3_Cac_Cu_Phap_Co_Ban_Cua_Ngon_Ngu_Kotlin\">3. C\u00e1c C\u00fa Ph\u00e1p C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#31_Khai_Bao_Package_Va_Import\">3.1 Khai B\u00e1o Package V\u00e0 Import<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#32_Diem_Bat_Dau_Entry_Point\">3.2 \u0110i\u1ec3m B\u1eaft \u0110\u1ea7u (Entry Point)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#33_Mot_Dang_Main_Khac_Chap_Nhan_So_Luong_Doi_So_Chuoi_Sting_Thay_Doi\">3.3 M\u1ed9t D\u1ea1ng Main Kh\u00e1c Ch\u1ea5p Nh\u1eadn S\u1ed1 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ed1i S\u1ed1 Chu\u1ed7i (Sting) Thay \u0110\u1ed5i<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#34_Ghi_Dau_Ra_Standard_Output\">3.4 Ghi \u0110\u1ea7u Ra (Standard Output)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#35_Ham_Function\">3.5 H\u00e0m (Function)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#36_Bien_Variables\">3.6 Bi\u1ebfn (Variables)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#37_Tao_Cac_Class_Va_Phien_Ban_Instance\">3.7 T\u1ea1o C\u00e1c Class V\u00e0 Phi\u00ean B\u1ea3n (Instance)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#4_Ngon_Ngu_Kotlin_Khac_Gi_Ngon_Ngu_Java_Python_Va_Swift\">4. Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin Kh\u00e1c G\u00ec Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Java, Python V\u00e0 Swift?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5_Ung_Dung_Cua_Ngon_Ngu_Kotlin\">5. \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#51_Lap_Trinh_Ung_Dung_Android\">5.1 L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Android<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#52_Lap_Trinh_Web\">5.2 L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Web<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#53_Lap_Trinh_Phan_Mem_Cho_PC\">5.3 L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea7n M\u1ec1m Cho PC<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"1_Ngon_Ngu_Kotlin_La_Gi\"><strong>1. Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote id=\"ng\u00f4n_ng\u1eef_kotlin_l\u00e0_g\u00ec\" cite=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-kotlin\/#ung_dung_cua_ngon_ngu_kotlin\"><p>Kotlin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c JetBrains ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3u t\u0129nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 C, C++ v\u00e0 Java. Kotlin kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i khai b\u00e1o ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho bi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, Kotlin t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch cao v\u1edbi Java, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Java, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho Kotlin tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng <a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-kho-nhat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/a> trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_83254\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-83254\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-83254 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-7.png\" alt=\"Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin L\u00e0 G\u00ec?\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-7.png 800w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-7-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-7-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-7-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-7-120x80.png 120w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-7-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-7-600x400.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-83254\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center><em>Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/em><center><\/center><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Kotlin c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch cao v\u1edbi Java, cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Java trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Kotlin v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i phong ph\u00fa cho c\u1ea3 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, Google \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn Kotlin l\u00e0m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Android t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5\/2017, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, Kotlin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi Java, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Trong <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/mo-ta-cong-viec-tester\/\">m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tester<\/a><\/strong>, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Kotlin \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"2_Uu_8211_Nhuoc_Diem_Cua_Ngon_Ngu_Kotlin\"><strong>2. \u01afu &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Kotlin l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c, Kotlin c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"21_Uu_Diem\"><strong>2.1 \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi so v\u1edbi Java nh\u01b0ng Kotlin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"211_Duong_Cong_Hoc_Tap_Nho_Hon\"><strong>2.1.1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cong H\u1ecdc T\u1eadp Nh\u1ecf H\u01a1n<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Kotlin n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Java. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Android b\u1eb1ng Kotlin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi tham gia v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n sao ch\u00e9p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eeb Java, Kotlin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p cao kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00fa ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Kotlin cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Java nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"212_Cai_Thien_Nang_Suat\"><strong>2.1.2 C\u1ea3i Thi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng Su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Kotlin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Android nh\u1edd n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u00fa v\u1ecb. V\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p s\u00fac t\u00edch, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng minh, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Java, c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Android kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, Kotlin th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn Kotlin tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Android.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"213_It_Bug_Hon\"><strong>2.1.3 \u00cdt Bug H\u01a1n<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Kotlin n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ed9t \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c. C\u00fa ph\u00e1p s\u00fac t\u00edch, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Kotlin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n bug. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean Kotlin th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh \u00edt th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i, m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c bug k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kotlin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 stress, th\u1eddi gian cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh debug, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"214_Do_Tin_Cay_Tot_Hon\"><strong>2.1.4 \u0110\u1ed9 Tin C\u1eady T\u1ed1t H\u01a1n<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n nay cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd code. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 Java d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u1ecb th\u1ebf trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Kotlin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"215_Ket_Hop_Voi_Java\"><strong>2.1.5 K\u1ebft H\u1ee3p V\u1edbi Java<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kotlin, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 code hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Kotlin cho ph\u00e9p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Java \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng Kotlin trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac code Java c\u0169.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c Kotlin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Java. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, code Kotlin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh bytecode Java, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Java. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Java, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kotlin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_83255\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-83255\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-83255 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-8.png\" alt=\"\u01afu - Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-8.png 800w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-8-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-8-150x113.png 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-8-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-83255\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center><em>\u01afu &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin<\/em><center><\/center><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span id=\"22_Nhuoc_Diem\"><strong>2.2 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec Kotlin v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"221_Chua_Co_Kieu_Aliases\"><strong>2.2.1 Ch\u01b0a C\u00f3 Ki\u1ec3u Aliases<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3u aliases (type aliases) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Ki\u1ec3u aliases cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean t\u1eaft cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u00fap m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, duy tr\u00ec h\u01a1n. D\u00f9 Kotlin c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho type aliases, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c type aliases trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 Swift hay Haskell v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi t\u1eeb alias.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn, v\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"222_Cac_Mac_Dinh_Class_Trong_Kotlin_La_Final\"><strong>2.2.2 C\u00e1c M\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ecbnh Class Trong Kotlin L\u00e0 Final<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a &#8220;open&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t class final th\u00e0nh class th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 trong Java. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Kotlin v\u00e0 Java. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Java Framework c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecf qua t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a &#8220;final&#8221; trong m\u00e3 Kotlin, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"223_Cong_Dong_Ho_Tro_Han_Che\"><strong>2.2.3 C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Java hay Python. D\u00f9 Kotlin \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Android, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi (ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011), n\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n phong ph\u00fa ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"224_Kotlin_Khong_Tu_Ep_Kieu_Du_Lieu\"><strong>2.2.4 Kotlin Kh\u00f4ng T\u1ef1 \u00c9p Ki\u1ec3u D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Kotlin kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e9p ki\u1ec3u v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Kotlin \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Java, Kotlin \u0111ang d\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Android. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Kotlin cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"3_Cac_Cu_Phap_Co_Ban_Cua_Ngon_Ngu_Kotlin\"><strong>3. C\u00e1c C\u00fa Ph\u00e1p C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Kotlin, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, linh ho\u1ea1t, cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft code ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"31_Khai_Bao_Package_Va_Import\"><strong>3.1 Khai B\u00e1o Package V\u00e0 Import<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>package my.demo<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>import kotlin.text.*<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ &#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span id=\"32_Diem_Bat_Dau_Entry_Point\"><strong>3.2 \u0110i\u1ec3m B\u1eaft \u0110\u1ea7u (Entry Point)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>fun main() {<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>println(&#8220;Hello world!&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span id=\"33_Mot_Dang_Main_Khac_Chap_Nhan_So_Luong_Doi_So_Chuoi_Sting_Thay_Doi\"><strong>3.3 M\u1ed9t D\u1ea1ng Main Kh\u00e1c Ch\u1ea5p Nh\u1eadn S\u1ed1 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ed1i S\u1ed1 Chu\u1ed7i (Sting) Thay \u0110\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>fun main(args: Array&lt;String&gt;) {<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>println(args.contentToString())<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span id=\"34_Ghi_Dau_Ra_Standard_Output\"><strong>3.4 Ghi \u0110\u1ea7u Ra (Standard Output)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>print(&#8220;Hello &#8220;)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>print(&#8220;world!&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh println ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 print nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>println(&#8220;Hello world!&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>println(42)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span id=\"35_Ham_Function\"><strong>3.5 H\u00e0m (Function)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m v\u1edbi 2 lo\u1ea1i tham s\u1ed1 int (parameters) v\u00e0 int tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 (return):<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>fun sum(a: Int, b: Int): Int {<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>return a + b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Th\u00e2n h\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c. Ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra (inferred):<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>fun sum(a: Int, b: Int) = a + b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>fun printSum(a: Int, b: Int): Unit {<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>println(&#8220;sum of $a and $b is ${a + b}&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span id=\"36_Bien_Variables\"><strong>3.6 Bi\u1ebfn (Variables)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a val. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>val a: Int = 1 \/\/ immediate assignment<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>val b = 2 \/\/ `Int` type is inferred<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>val c: Int \/\/ Type required when no initializer is provided<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>c = 3 \/\/ deferred assignment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a var:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>var x = 5 \/\/ `Int` type is inferred<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>x += 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>val PI = 3.14<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>var x = 0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>fun incrementX() {<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>x += 1<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span id=\"37_Tao_Cac_Class_Va_Phien_Ban_Instance\"><strong>3.7 T\u1ea1o C\u00e1c Class V\u00e0 Phi\u00ean B\u1ea3n (Instance)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a class \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t class:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>class shape<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a 1 class th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1edf ph\u1ea7n khai b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>class Rectangle(var height: Double, var length: Double) {<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>var perimeter = (height + length) * 2<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">H\u00e0m t\u1ea1o m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong ph\u1ea7n khai b\u00e1o class s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>val rectangle = Rectangle(5.0, 2.0)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>println(&#8220;The perimeter is ${rectangle.perimeter}&#8221;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">S\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c class \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u hai ch\u1ea5m (:). C\u00e1c class m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng; \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t class c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1edf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>class Rectangle(var height: Double, var length: Double): Shape() {<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>var perimeter = (height + length) * 2<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span id=\"4_Ngon_Ngu_Kotlin_Khac_Gi_Ngon_Ngu_Java_Python_Va_Swift\"><strong>4. Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin Kh\u00e1c G\u00ec Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Java, Python V\u00e0 Swift?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Kotlin, Java, Python v\u00e0 Swift \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay, tuy nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed so s\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Kotlin<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Java<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Python<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Swift<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">T\u0129nh, suy lu\u1eadn ki\u1ec3u.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">T\u0129nh.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0110\u1ed9ng.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">T\u0129nh, suy lu\u1eadn ki\u1ec3u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">C\u00fa ph\u00e1p<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u00e3 so\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Chi ti\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khai b\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee5t l\u1ec1 thay d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">S\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi Java. Ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean JVM.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean JVM. T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">D\u1ec5 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi C\/C++. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi Objective-C. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Apple.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0110ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb Google.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">R\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 framework.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0110a d\u1ea1ng, s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Phong ph\u00fa th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n cho AI, data science.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n iOS. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">D\u1ec5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft Java. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Kh\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Nhi\u1ec1u quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi. C\u00fa ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Trung b\u00ecnh. D\u1ec5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Android, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng server-side, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Android, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Web scraping, AI, khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng iOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span id=\"5_Ung_Dung_Cua_Ngon_Ngu_Kotlin\"><strong>5. \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb Google, Kotlin ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Kotlin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"51_Lap_Trinh_Ung_Dung_Android\"><strong>5.1 L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Android<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kotlin \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Android, Kotlin \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-ruby\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ruby<\/strong><\/a>, b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Kotlin.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_83256\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-83256\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-83256 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-9.png\" alt=\"\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-9.png 800w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-9-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-9-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/media-blog.jobsgo.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-9-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-83256\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center><em>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin<\/em><center><\/center><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>S\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Kotlin n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00fa ph\u00e1p tinh g\u1ecdn, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong Android, Kotlin cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>data class User(val name: String, val age: Int)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>fun greetUser(user: User) {<\/p>\n<p>println(&#8220;Xin ch\u00e0o, ${user.name}! B\u1ea1n ${user.age} tu\u1ed5i.&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\/\/ S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n<p>val newUser = User(&#8220;Minh&#8221;, 25)<\/p>\n<p>greetUser(newUser)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span id=\"52_Lap_Trinh_Web\"><strong>5.2 L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Web<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kotlin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh web. V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef backend m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, Kotlin mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Kotlin v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Framework ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Spring Boot, Ktor \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 web v\u00e0 API. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh backend, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ktor \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t API \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>import io.ktor.application.*<\/p>\n<p>import io.ktor.response.*<\/p>\n<p>import io.ktor.routing.*<\/p>\n<p>import io.ktor.server.engine.*<\/p>\n<p>import io.ktor.server.netty.*<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>fun main() {<\/p>\n<p>embeddedServer(Netty, port = 8080) {<\/p>\n<p>routing {<\/p>\n<p>get(&#8220;\/&#8221;) {<\/p>\n<p>call.respondText(&#8220;Xin ch\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web Kotlin!&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>}.start(wait = true)<\/p>\n<p>}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span id=\"53_Lap_Trinh_Phan_Mem_Cho_PC\"><strong>5.3 L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea7n M\u1ec1m Cho PC<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, Kotlin c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng desktop \u0111a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 TornadoFX, JavaFX, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1y m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb Windows \u0111\u1ebfn macOS v\u00e0 Linux.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Kotlin cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00fa ph\u00e1p s\u00fac t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Kotlin, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Kotlin h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 &#8220;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/database-la-gi\/\">azure sql database l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a><\/strong>?&#8221; \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Microsoft, gi\u00fap l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/ngon-ngu-kotlin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin<\/strong><\/a> mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, an to\u00e0n, gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch Java v\u00e0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Kotlin l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 post N\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2017, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":75013,"featured_media":83254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin L\u00e0 G\u00ec? 5 \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m N\u1ed5i B\u1eadt Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a Kotlin - JobsGO Blog","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 code nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi 5 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngay qua b\u00e0i sau!","_yoast_wpseo_focus_keyphrase":"","faq":"1. M\u1ea5t Bao L\u00e2u \u0110\u1ec3 H\u1ecdc Kotlin C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n?\r\n\r\nTh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 2 - 3 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc Kotlin.\r\n\r\n2. Kotlin C\u00f3 H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kh\u00f4ng?\r\n\r\nC\u00f3, Kotlin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Object-Oriented Programming - OOP).\r\n\r\n3. Kotlin C\u00f3 B\u1ecb L\u1ed7i NullPointerException Kh\u00f4ng?\r\n\r\nKh\u00f4ng, Kotlin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u1ed7i NullPointerException, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 Java.\r\n\r\n\r\n","nganh_nghe_chuc_vu_lien_quan":["IT Support"]},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Kotlin L\u00e0 G\u00ec? 5 \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m N\u1ed5i B\u1eadt Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a Kotlin - JobsGO Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kotlin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 code nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi 5 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t. 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