{"id":94897,"date":"2025-05-07T01:22:26","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T18:22:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/sdr-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2025-05-07T01:22:26","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T18:22:26","slug":"sdr-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jobsgo.vn\/blog\/sdr-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"SDR l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm Hi\u1ec3u 2 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0110i\u1ec3m N\u1ed5i B\u1eadt C\u1ee7a SDR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef SDR. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u1eady SDR l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng JobsGO t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u00e9! <\/p>\n\n\n M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p> Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc SDR l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u00ec hay SDR l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o? SDR, hay quy\u1ec1n r\u00fat v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMF) ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m b\u1ed5 sung ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, SDR kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ed5i linh ho\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 USD, EUR, CNY, JPY v\u00e0 GBP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng do IMF quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n<\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n SDR l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n SDR ra \u0111\u1eddi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111ang c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thanh kho\u1ea3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Bretton Woods b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00ec qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng USD, IMF \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u SDR v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1969 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.\n<\/p>\n\n\n Ng\u00e0y nay, SDR \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SDR \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng thanh kho\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c r\u1ee7i ro kinh t\u1ebf. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung thanh kho\u1ea3n, SDR c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong giao d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n linh ho\u1ea1t cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.\n<\/p>\n\n\n Tuy \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong giao d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng SDR v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 2 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n\n\n SDR do c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMF), IMF v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n hay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu SDR. \n<\/p>\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef SDR, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c “holder prescribed” (t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef SDR). Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 20 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef SDR, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia T\u00e2y Phi), c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Thanh to\u00e1n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Arab) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Li\u00ean M\u1ef9, v.v.).\n<\/p>\n\n\n C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SDR v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 do, tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, thanh to\u00e1n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, thanh to\u00e1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \n<\/p>\n\n\n SDR c\u00f3 2 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 SDR v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. <\/p>\n\n\n SDR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a IMF d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tham gia c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef. M\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n SDR t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 thanh kho\u1ea3n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i SDR th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh theo t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch do IMF quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef n\u00e0y. \n<\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n SDR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a IMF<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n SDR th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch. Khi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng thanh kho\u1ea3n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i SDR sang ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh theo t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 do IMF quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00fap kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhau trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i SDR, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \n<\/p>\n\n\n Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a SDR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t r\u1ed5 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, Euro, y\u00ean Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng Anh. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SDR trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.\n<\/p>\n\n\n C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a SDR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong giao d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \n<\/p>\n\n\n Khi IMF quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 SDR, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SDR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng GDP to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef. \n<\/p>\n\n\n Khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 thanh kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i SDR sang c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c IMF c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho m\u1ecdi b\u00ean tham gia. \n<\/p>\n\n\n SDR kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thanh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SDR trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\n<\/p>\n\n\n C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a IMF li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn SDR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean quan. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m:\n<\/p>\n\n\n C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i SDR theo t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng khai, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.\n<\/p>\n\n\n SDR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thanh kho\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi qu\u1ed1c gia chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i SDR sang c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a IMF. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thao t\u00fang t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1.\n<\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thanh kho\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a SDR\n<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n IMF li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn SDR, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tham chi\u1ebfu khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng SDR lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SDR mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n SDR gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng USD. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro thanh kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1ea1nh. SDR c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng thanh kho\u1ea3n. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 linh ho\u1ea1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, SDR gi\u00fap qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, SDR khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\n<\/p>\n\n\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, SDR v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. SDR kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t hay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a SDR b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u00e0 thanh kho\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong giao d\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SDR do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n1. SDR L\u00e0 G\u00ec?\n<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n
2. So S\u00e1nh SDR V\u1edbi Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ec7 Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng\n<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n
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\n \n \n \n 3. Ai C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 S\u1edf H\u1eefu SDR? \n<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n
4. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0110i\u1ec3m N\u1ed5i B\u1eadt C\u1ee7a SDR \n<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n
4.1. Ph\u00e2n B\u1ed5 SDR\n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n
4.2. H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf\n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n
4.3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1 Theo C\u00e1c \u0110\u01a1n V\u1ecb Ti\u1ec1n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf \n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n
5. Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a SDR\n<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n
5.1. Ph\u00e2n B\u1ed5 Ban \u0110\u1ea7u \n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n
5.2. Trao \u0110\u1ed5i V\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i\n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n
5.3. Giao D\u1ecbch Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf \n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n
6. Quy \u0110\u1ecbnh Li\u00ean Quan \u0110\u1ebfn SDR\n<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n
6.1. Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i \n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n
6.2. Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng Thanh Kho\u1ea3n\n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n
6.3. Gi\u00e1m S\u00e1t V\u00e0 C\u1eadp Nh\u1eadt \n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n
7. \u01afu V\u00e0 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ee7a SDR\n<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n
7.1. \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec3m\n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n
7.2. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec3m\n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n